According to the the literature, main reason is lifestyle which 
includes late work, more hour work in a day & Target which Male infertility increasing drastically as compare to female in today’s era. 
Main reason is lifestyle which includes late working hours, erratic 
food habits, stress, etc. Pollution and pesticide in food highly affect 
the sperm production. Radiation emitted by gazettes like mobiles and 
laptops are extremely harmful for fertility health as well.
All of the above factors affect the production  and therefore 
ejaculated semen sample will have less count & motility(morphology).
 This disturbs or indirectly damage the DNA in the sperm nucleus called 
fragmentation of DNA which can be identified by DNA Fragmentation index 
test.
Technique called MACS, basically 
separates old aged sperms called apoptic sperm to an adherent column of 
MACS and you will get young and least DNA fragmented.
IMSI stands as the gold standard for sperm selection. It magnifies the 
sperm by 6000 x and helps in the best sperm selection technique for IVF.
At present Double density gradient method and IMSI is a way forward in IVF. MACS is still debatable.

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